He lived 1577 to 1644. Plants make organic materials and do not get them from soil, which stays same weight while plant grows.
He lived 1626 to 1697 and proved spontaneous generation does not happen, by showing that maggots did not come from meat [1668].
He lived 1804 to 1881 and invented plant cell theory. Cells are life units.
He lived 1810 to 1882 and invented animal cell theory. Cells are life units.
He lived 1892 to 1964. In atmosphere or ocean, ultraviolet radiation, volcanic heat, lightning, and radioactive-nuclei ionizing radiation can make complex organic molecules from nitrogen, methane, ammonia, water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen {Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, Haldane}.
He lived 1894 to 1980. Glycerin molecules mixed with other molecules can clump together to make stable gel coascervates [1926]. Other molecules can enter, interact inside, and leave glycerin. In atmosphere or ocean, ultraviolet radiation, volcanic heat, lightning, and radioactive-nuclei ionizing radiation can make complex organic molecules from nitrogen, methane, ammonia, water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen {Oparin-Haldane hypothesis}.
He lived 1906 to 1997, studied life's origin, and studied found retina vitamin A [1934].
He lived 1930 to ?. Methane, ammonia, and water heated by electric arcs make amino acids [1953 to 1954]. However, amino acids only polymerize if conditions are hot and dry.
Freezing can concentrate and align organic molecules to make nucleic acids, such as adenine [1970]. Mutations degrade good working genetic code to make it more varied {error catastrophe, Orgel}, and this process adds to genetic variability [1963].
Heteropolypeptides can come from hydrogen cyanide [1966]. Dry heating HCN makes heteropolyamidines. Water converts them to polypeptides.
He studied life's origin [1988]. Hydrothermal-vent iron, nickel, and sulfur ions act as catalysts, templates, and energy sources to form biological molecules. Pyrite surfaces hold molecules.
He studied relativity and life's origin.
Minerals have crevices in which molecules can hide from ultraviolet light and become concentrated [1996]. Clay and mineral surfaces can be chemical-reaction substrates, catalysts, and templates. Minerals, such as calcite, can have chirality and select for L or R organic molecules. Biological-molecule metal ions can act as catalysts or energy sources. Magnetite can catalyze ammonia formation from nitrogen and hydrogen. Iron, nickel, and sulfur ions are in hydrothermal vents.
He lived 1923 to ?.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225